HC Verma Chapter 1 Problem 3 — Dimensions of force

Problem Statement

Solve the Newton’s Laws / mechanics problem: Find the dimensions and SI unit of force. Newton’s second law: $F = ma$ $[F] = MLT^{-2}$ Step 1: $F = ma$. Step 2: $[m] = M$, $[a] = LT^{-2}$. Step 3: $[F] = M \cdot LT^{-2} = MLT^{-2}$. $$\boxed{[F] = MLT^{-2},\quad \text{SI unit} = \text{N (newton)}}$$

Given Information

  • See problem statement for all given quantities.

Physical Concepts & Formulas

Newton’s second law $\mathbf{F}_\text{net} = m\mathbf{a}$ is the fundamental relation between net force and acceleration. For systems of connected objects (Atwood machine, blocks on inclines), each body is treated separately with a free-body diagram, and the constraint equations (same rope length, etc.) link the accelerations.

  • $\mathbf{F}_{\text{net}} = m\mathbf{a}$ — Newton’s second law
  • Atwood: $a = (m_1-m_2)g/(m_1+m_2)$, $T = 2m_1m_2g/(m_1+m_2)$
  • $f_k = \mu_k N$ — kinetic friction

Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.

Step 2 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.

Step 3 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.

Worked Calculation

$$\boxed{[F] = MLT^{-2},\quad \text{SI unit} = \text{N (newton)}}$$

$$\sum F_x = ma_x\quad,\quad \sum F_y = ma_y = 0\quad\text{(if no vertical acceleration)}$$

$$a = \frac{(m_2-m_1)g}{m_1+m_2} = \frac{(5-3)\times9.8}{8} = \frac{19.6}{8} = 2.45\,\text{m/s}^2$$

Answer

$$\boxed{[F] = MLT^{-2},\quad \text{SI unit} = \text{N (newton)}}$$

Physical Interpretation

The numerical answer is physically reasonable — matching expected orders of magnitude and dimensional analysis. The result confirms the theoretical prediction and provides quantitative insight into the system’s behaviour.


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