HC Verma Chapter 45 Problem 24

Problem Statement

Band gap of silicon = 1.1 eV. Find minimum photon frequency to excite electron across gap.

Given Information

• All quantities, constants, and constraints stated in the problem above
• Physical constants used as needed (see Concepts section)

Physical Concepts & Formulas

This problem draws on fundamental physical principles. The key is to identify which conservation law or field equation governs the system, then apply it systematically. Dimensional analysis can always be used to verify that the final answer has the correct units. Working from first principles — rather than memorising formulas — builds deeper understanding and allows tackling novel problems.

• Identify the relevant physical law (Newton’s laws, conservation of energy/momentum, Maxwell’s equations, etc.)
• State the mathematical form of that law as it applies here
• Check dimensions at every step: both sides of an equation must have the same units

Step-by-Step Solution

Problem Statement

Band gap of silicon = 1.1 eV. Find minimum photon frequency to excite electron across gap.

Key Concepts

Band gap, photon threshold frequency

Relevant Formulas

f_min = E_g/h

Step-by-Step Solution

f_min = E_g/h = (1.1 x 1.6e-19)/6.626e-34 = 1.76e-19/6.626e-34 = 2.66e14 Hz.

Final Answer

f_min = 2.66e14 Hz (infrared region)

Tips and Tricks

This frequency is infrared; silicon appears opaque to visible light.

Common Mistakes

Always use SI units. Check energy conservation accounts for all forms.

Worked Calculation

Substituting all given numerical values with their units into the derived formula:

$$\text{Numerical result} = \text{given expression substituted with values}$$

Answer

$$\boxed{\text{See solution}}$$

Physical Interpretation

The answer should be checked for dimensional consistency and physical reasonableness: is the magnitude in the expected range for this type of problem? Does the answer change in the correct direction when parameters are varied (e.g., increasing mass should increase momentum, increasing distance should decrease field strength)? These sanity checks are as important as the calculation itself.