HC Verma Chapter 45 Problem 9

Problem Statement

A p-n junction forward biased with 0.6 V. Barrier potential = 0.5 V. Find effective barrier.

Key Concepts

Forward bias, depletion layer reduction

Relevant Formulas

V_eff = V0 – V_applied

Step-by-Step Solution

V_eff = V0 – V_forward = 0.5 – 0.6 = -0.1 V. Barrier overcome; current flows freely.

Final Answer

Effective barrier = -0.1 V (barrier overcome)

Tips and Tricks

When forward bias exceeds V0, large current flows.

Common Mistakes

Always use SI units. Check energy conservation accounts for all forms.