HC Verma Chapter 3 Problem 28 — Velocity of projectile at highest point

Problem Statement

Solve the kinematics problem: A projectile is fired at 50 m/s at 37° to the horizontal. What is the velocity at the highest point? ($\sin 37° = 0.6$, $\cos 37° = 0.8$) At the highest point, vertical velocity = 0; only horizontal component remains. Step 1: Horizontal component (constant throughout): $v_x = 50\cos 37° = 50 \times

Given Information

  • See problem statement for all given quantities.

Physical Concepts & Formulas

Projectile motion decomposes into independent horizontal and vertical components. Horizontal: constant velocity (no air resistance). Vertical: constant downward acceleration $g$. The trajectory is a parabola. Maximum range occurs at $45°$ launch angle; max height at $90°$.

  • $x = v_0\cos\theta \cdot t$, $y = v_0\sin\theta \cdot t – \frac{1}{2}gt^2$
  • $R = v_0^2\sin 2\theta/g$ — horizontal range
  • $H = v_0^2\sin^2\theta/(2g)$ — maximum height
  • $T = 2v_0\sin\theta/g$ — total flight time

Step-by-Step Solution

Step 1 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.

Step 2 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.

Step 3 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.

Worked Calculation

Full substitution shown in the steps above.

Answer

$$\boxed{R = \dfrac{u^2\sin 2\theta}{g},\quad H = \dfrac{u^2\sin^2\theta}{2g}}$$

Physical Interpretation

The trajectory is a parabola because gravity provides constant downward acceleration while horizontal velocity remains constant (absent air resistance). Real projectiles deviate due to drag, especially at high speeds.


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