Problem Statement
A wall consists of 10 cm of concrete ($k_1 = 0.8$ W/m·K) and 5 cm of insulating board ($k_2 = 0.05$ W/m·K). The inner surface is at 25°C and the outer is at -5°C. Find the temperature at the interface and the heat flux. ($A = 1$ m²)
Given Information
- See problem statement for all given quantities.
Physical Concepts & Formulas
This problem applies fundamental physics principles to the scenario described. The solution requires identifying the relevant conservation laws and equations of motion, then solving systematically with careful attention to units and sign conventions.
- See the step-by-step solution for the specific equations applied.
- All quantities are in SI units unless otherwise stated.
Step-by-Step Solution
Step 1 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.
Step 2 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.
Step 3 — Verify the result: Check units, limiting cases, and order of magnitude to confirm the answer is physically reasonable.
Worked Calculation
$$R_1 = \frac{L_1}{k_1 A} = \frac{0.1}{0.8} = 0.125 \text{ K/W}$$
$$R_2 = \frac{L_2}{k_2 A} = \frac{0.05}{0.05} = 1.0 \text{ K/W}$$
$$R_{total} = R_1 + R_2 = 1.125 \text{ K/W}$$
Answer
$$\boxed{R_{total} = 1.125 \text{ K/W}; \quad \dot{Q} = 26.67 \text{ W}; \quad T_{int} = 21.67°C}$$
Physical Interpretation
The numerical answer is physically reasonable — matching expected orders of magnitude and dimensional analysis. The result confirms the theoretical prediction and provides quantitative insight into the system’s behaviour.
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